稻秆潜蝇的生物学与生态学特性研究

稻秆潜蝇在重庆市巳由次要害虫上升为主要害虫,该虫在重庆地区1年发生3代,以第3代幼虫越冬。越冬代．幼虫在3月下旬化蛹,4月中旬至下旬为第1代成虫期,5月上旬为产卵期。5月上旬至6月上旬为第1代幼虫期,6月上旬至下旬为蛹期。第2代成虫期为6月下旬至7月中旬,7月上、中旬为产卵期,7月中旬至8月上旬为幼虫期,8月上旬至下旬为蛹期。第3代成虫期为9月上旬至下旬,并迁至越冬寄主上产卵,10月初至11月底孵化为幼虫进入越冬期。成虫羽化后1—2h即可交配,但多数于羽化后1—3d才交配。更尾后越冬代于4—9d,第2代于3—7d后产卵,一般1叶仅产1卵,偶有数粒。单雌产卵量2—81粒不等。成虫寿命为20d左右。     

桔小实蝇在龙眼果实上产卵成功率测定试验

桔小实蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis)是为害水量的害虫，龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.)被认为是其寄主之一，但经过对桔小实绳在龙眼果实上产卵成功率的测试试验，证明此虫只可在受了伤的果实的伤口处成功产卵，而不在健全的龙眼果实上成功产卵。     

稻赤斑沫蝉的生物学与生态学特性

稻赤斑沫蝉已由次要害虫上升为主要害虫,在重庆地区一年发生一代。一年四季土壤中都有早卵,5月－9月是若早期,6月－11月为成虫期,6月下旬－8月为成虫盛发期,6月－8月为产卵期。卵或若虫以稻田为中心呈扇形分布,距田距30m－50m范围的旱地作物根系层最多。若早5龄,形态特征分区明显,各龄总历期19天－41天,平均27．7天;1-2龄若虫60％－80％分布在土中15cm-20cm范围内,3－4龄若虫75％－85％在土中5cm－15cm内,高龄若虫90％－95％分布在近地5cm-7cm范围内。饲养发现,1－3龄若虫向上移动的频率很快,从薯根上每隔2天－5天迁移1次,达1cm-3cm;7天－9天可迁移到苕茎叶上去;4－5龄常固定在一处,如不受惊动很少转移。成虫羽化后7天－15天、平均11．9天于上午9－11时、下午14－18时交配频繁,持续交配2h-4h;交尾后3天－8天、平均5．7天左右在有缝隙的土表产卵,散产,每处3－5粒,平均单雌产卵量200粒左右。成虫寿命11天－41天,平均19．2天,雌虫稍长。     

新冠疫情对消费者购买渠道选择的冲击

为探究新冠疫情对消费者畜禽产品购买偏好的影响,本研究运用选择实验的方法,基于网络问卷形式获得湖北武汉、河南郑州、湖南长沙、浙江杭州4个城市934位消费者行为数据,采用混合logit模型进行数据分析。结果表明:从区域上看,不同区域消费者对线上渠道偏好存在差异,相对于轻度疫情区域,重度疫情区域的消费者对线上渠道偏好显著,对时间成本负向偏好明显,且对各属性的支付意愿均较高;从产品上看,消费者对不同产品的支付意愿存在差异,对具有品牌属性的产品支付意愿最高,可追溯信息属性次之,且同一区域内猪肉的支付意愿高于鸡肉。因此,畜禽产品零售企业应促进线上线下协同发力,提高效率吸引消费者;加强与完善可追溯畜禽产品的品牌建设;合理细分产品和区域,逐步拓展可追溯产品市场。     

麻楝蛀斑螟成虫的羽化节律及生殖行为

在温度（25±1）℃,光暗周期L：D=14：10（光期06：00开始,20：00结束）,相对湿度RH=75％-80％的条件下,观察了麻楝蛀斑螟成虫的羽化与生殖行为．结果表明：成虫羽化率85．4％,羽化期25d左右;羽化行为主要出现在暗期,日羽化高峰在20：00-23：00,占总羽化量的80．7％;雌、雄比例0．83：1．羽化后第2天达到性成熟,当天羽化的成虫未发生交配;交配发生在进入暗期5-8h,交配持续时间50—200min;随着日龄的增大,交配率降低,交配持续时间增长;交配后第2天开始产卵;雌、雄虫均未发现2次交配现象．交配雌虫平均产卵104粒,卵期7d左右,孵化率84．3％;未交配雌虫平均产卵157粒,孵化率0．交配雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为3．73和2．93d,未交配雌虫和雄虫的平均寿命为5．87和5．03d．     

杨小舟蛾成虫对5种黑杨无性系的寄主选择行为

为比较杨小舟蛾对不同寄主的选择差异性,利用生物观察法研究了该成虫在5种黑杨无性系寄主间的停靠选择行为和产卵选择行为,验证了5种寄主挥发物对该虫进行寄主选择过程产生的作用。结果表明:不同性别、不同生理状态的成虫对5种寄主的选择率存在差异;雌性个体无论是否交配均表现出对5种样本相同的差异性选择,而雄性个体则未表现出这种选择差异性。在相同虫数下,有更多的交配后雌蛾对寄主做出了选择,与未交配雌蛾选择虫数相比差异显著。杨小舟蛾对碧玉杨的寄主产卵选择性最强,108杨次之,与对照差异显著;其余处理与对照差异不显著。     

产蛋循环过程中TRPV6、CaBP-D_（28K）和PMCA 1b在蛋壳腺的动态表达

将40羽220日龄ISA蛋鸡分为5组,于产蛋后0、2、4.5、8、16h断头处死,采集蛋壳腺组织,运用Real-time PCR和Western-blot方法检测产蛋循环过程中瞬时性受体单位香草精受体6（Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6,TRPV6）、钙结合蛋白（calbindin D28K,CaBP-D28K）、质膜钙离子ATP酶1b（plasma membrane Ca2＋-ATPase 1b,PMCA 1b）mRNA和蛋白浓度的动态变化。结果显示,卵子未进入蛋壳腺前（产蛋后0~4.5h）,蛋壳腺内TRPV6、CaBP-D28K和PMCA 1bmRNA表达水平较低,随后表达量逐渐升高,在蛋壳钙化过程中达到最大值（产蛋后16h）,与0h相比,TRPV6和CaBP-D28KmRNA表达差异均极显著（P〈0.01）;另外,产蛋循环过程中,TRPV6、CaBP-D28K和PMCA 1b蛋白浓度变化与mRNA变化一致,产蛋后16h到达最大值,其中CaBP-D28K蛋白浓度与0h相比,差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果表明,产蛋循环可调控蛋壳腺内TRPV6、CaBP-D28K和PMCA 1b的表达,并提示钙离子跨细胞转运途径在钙离子进入蛋壳腺形成蛋壳过程中发挥重要作用。     

Population consequences of behaviour in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus Cyprinidae)

Abstract –  The European bitterling is a freshwater fish with an unusual spawning symbiosis with freshwater mussels. Female bitterling possess long ovipositors that they use to place their eggs onto the gills of a mussel. Males fertilise the eggs by releasing sperm into the inhalant siphon of the mussel. The embryos develop inside the mussel for approximately a month, eventually leaving the mussel as actively swimming larvae. Because they use a discrete spawning site that can be readily manipulated they represent an ideal model for linking reproductive decisions with population dynamics. Bitterling have been used in field and large-scale pool experiments, in combination with modelling and population and genetic studies to investigate the population consequences of behaviour. Here we show how male mating tactics, female mate and oviposition decisions, and aggressive interference competition among juveniles, may have significant impacts on bitterling population size and population genetics.     

Effects of Various Degrees of Antennal Ablation on Mating and Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella L.

Using scanning electron microscopy, we investigated the distribution of the trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the diamondback moth （DBM;Plutella xylostella）. The trichoid sensilla were the most abundant sensory organ, and the male moth antennae host signiifcantly more trichoid sensilla than female moth antennae. Conversely, basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were found more frequently on female than on male antennae. We performed experiments with various degrees of antennal ablation and demonstrated that DBM antennae played a key role in the control of mating and oviposition. We found that neither oviposition preference nor mating behaviors changed signiifcantly when less than 1/4 of both antennae were removed. However, there was a signiifcant behavioral change when the antennae were ablated by more than half. As the length of the antenna was shortened, the successful mating rate decreased and mating peak was delayed. An otherwise consistent host preference for oviposition was eliminated when both antennae were completely removed. Furthermore, we found that the number of trichoid sensilla was positively correlated with mating rate and oviposition preference. However, the numbers of basiconic and coeloconic sensilla were not correlated with mating rate and mating peak, but highly correlated with oviposition preference. Taken together, our results indicate that antennal sensory information plays a critical role in the mating and oviposition behaviors of this economically important pest.     

不同寄主对瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇生长发育和产卵选择的影响

为探讨瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae和南亚实蝇Zeugodacus tau对寄主植物的选择性及寄主植物对其种群的适合度。在室内观察记录瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫在黄瓜Cucumis sativus、丝瓜Luffa aegyptiaca和西葫芦Cucurbita pepo 3种寄主果实上的幼虫历期、蛹历期和存活率等生长发育参数,同时测定两种实蝇成虫在3个黄瓜品种‘A38翠玉’‘台湾大黄瓜’和‘唐山秋瓜’有无果皮两种状态下的产卵量。结果表明,瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇幼虫取食同种果实或同种实蝇取食不同寄主果实后幼虫的发育历期、化蛹率和存活率均无显著差异;但取食西葫芦后,两种实蝇的蛹历期分别为12.30 d和12.77 d,均显著长于取食黄瓜和丝瓜。且南亚实蝇的羽化率为70.59%,显著高于瓜实蝇在3种寄主果实上的羽化率。不同品种黄瓜中,瓜实蝇偏向于选择‘A38翠玉’品种产卵,在果实完好和去果皮条件下日均产卵量分别达87.50粒和53.75粒,均显著高于南亚实蝇在3个黄瓜品种上的日均产卵量;南亚实蝇更偏好在去果皮的‘A38翠玉’果实上产卵,日均产卵量达44.25粒。对同一黄瓜品种,瓜实蝇在...